Israeli scientists have discovered a previously unknown part of the immune system. Research conducted by the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel has shown that the proteasome not only supports the immune system in identifying threats, but also actively participates in eliminating bacteria. The results, along with a description of the study, were published in the journal Nature (DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08615-w).
The human immune system has long fascinated scientists, but a recent discovery sheds new light on how it functions. The proteasome, a structure present in every cell, plays a key role in protein degradation. This process leads to the formation of peptides that turn out to have antibacterial properties.
Defense peptides – natural antibiotics
Peptides released by the proteasome, called PDDP (proteasome-derived defense peptides), are the body’s first line of defense against pathogens. Their action is to destroy the cell membranes of bacteria, leading to their death. Importantly, these peptides are selective – they attack bacteria without damaging healthy cells in the body. Experiments on mice with pneumonia and sepsis have confirmed the effectiveness of PDDP, comparable to that of potent antibiotics.
The proteasome’s “turbo” mode
During a bacterial infection, the proteasome switches to “turbo” mode, intensifying the production of peptides with antibacterial properties. The change in the proteasome’s activity has been observed thanks to modern technologies that allow its activity to be tracked in real time. This discovery opens up new possibilities in developing therapies based on the body’s natural defense mechanisms.
Further research
The discovery of a new function of the proteasome is changing our perception of the immune system and opening the way to innovative therapies. Harnessing the body’s natural defense mechanisms could revolutionize medicine by offering effective and safe treatments for infections. However, scientists face the challenge of further exploring this mechanism and its practical application.
Source: Nauka w Polsce, Twoje zdrowie, Dziennik Naukowy
